The special nature of the observations yields a number of additional challenges, ranging from appropriate pre-processing and parameter settings in PPP to more sophisticated validation and assimilation methodologies. This data was gathered from trains of the Austrian Federal Railways (ÖBB) and processed using the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique. The present study goes beyond the current status of GNSS Meteorology, showing how reasonable estimates of ZTD can be derived from highly-kinematic, single-frequency (SF) GNSS data. Based on these facts, the scientific area of GNSS Meteorology has emerged. On the other hand, the ZTD has also been proven to provide substantial benefits for atmospheric research and especially Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model performance. The most prominent parameterization of this delay is the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD), which has been studied extensively as a major error term in GNSS positioning. The derivation of water vapour content from GNSS observations is based on the fact that electromagnetic signals are delayed when travelling through the atmosphere. Although not intentionally built for this purpose, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) have proven to meet those requirements. Thus, detailed knowledge of its distribution is of immense importance for weather forecasting, and therefore high resolution observations are crucial for accurate precipitation forecasts, especially for the short-term prediction of severe weather. It is the most effective greenhouse gas and shows high variability, both in space and time. In order to get rid of the nuisances caused by mechanical gearboxes, generators with low rated speed, which can be directly connected to wind turbines, are attracting increasing attention.Water vapour is one of the most important parameters utilized for the description of state and evolution of the Earth’s atmosphere. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new direct-drive wind power generator (DWPG), which can offer ultra-high torque density. First, magnetic gear (MG) is integrated to achieve non-contact torque transmission and speed variation. Second, armature windings are engaged to achieve electromechanical energy conversion. Interior permanent magnet (PM) design on the inner rotor is adopted to boost the torque transmission capability of the integrated MG. Nevertheless, due to lack of back iron on the stator, the proposed generator does not exhibit prominent salient feature, which usually exists in traditional interior PM (IPM) machines. This makes it with good controllability and high power factor as the surface-mounted permanent magnet machines. The performance is analyzed using finite element method. Investigation on the magnetic field harmonics demonstrates that the permanent-magnetic torque offered by the MG can work together with the electromagnetic torque offered by the armature windings to balance the driving torque captured by the wind turbine. Ultra-high density aligned Carbon-nanotube with controled nano-morphology for supercapacitors This allows the proposed generator having the potential to offer even higher torque density than its integrated MG. Ghaffari, Mehdi Zhao, Ran Liu, Yang Zhou, Yue Cheng, Jiping Guzman de Villoria, Roberto Wardle, B. Recent advances in fabricating controlled-morphology vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs) with ultrahigh volume fractioncreate unique opportunities for developing unconventional supercapacitors with ultra-high energy density, power density, and long charge/discharge cycle life.Continuous paths through inter-VA-CNT channels allow fast ion transport, and high electrical conduction of the aligned CNTs in the composite electrodes lead to fast discharge speed. We investigate the charge-discharge characteristics of VA-CNTs with >20 vol% of CNT and ionic liquids as electrolytes. By employing both the electric and electromechanical spectroscopes, as well as nanostructured materials characterization, the ion transport and storage behaviors in porous electrodes are studied. The results suggest pathways for optimizing the electrode morphology in supercapacitorsusing ultra-high volume fraction VA-CNTs to further enhance performance.
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